n. (abbr. OAIS)a reference model and standard (ISO 14721) that describes the components and processes necessary for a digital archives, including six distinct functional areas: ingest, archival storage, data management, administration, preservation planning, and accessOCLC/RLG 2001, 8The OAIS reference model is a conceptual framework for a digital archive. The model establishes terminology and concepts relevant to digital archiving, identifies the key components and processes endemic to most digital archiving activity, and proposes an information model for digital objects and their associated metadata. The reference model does not specify an implementation, and is therefore neutral on digital object types or technological issues—for example, the model can be applied at a broad level to archives handling digital image files, “born-digital” objects, or even physical objects, and no assumptions are imposed concerning the specific implementation of the preservation strategy: for example, migration or emulation.CRL and OCLC 2007, 8Finally, ISO 14721:2002, the Open Archival Information System Reference Model provides a high-level reference model or framework identifying the participants in digital preservation, their roles and responsibilities, and the kinds of information to be exchanged during the course of deposit and ingest into and dissemination from a digital repository.Gladney 2009, 412The model in Figure 2 might be compared with the much-cited Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model, which emphasizes different repository aspects. Specifically, OAIS emphasizes human administrative roles within an ArchInst and what it means to be a repository, providing vocabulary for discussing digital preservation.Schmidt 2011b, 263The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model standard approved in 2002 provided a common conceptual framework for the long-term preservation of digital material; however, it described system responsibilities at a high level with no criteria for measuring compliance.Gilliland 2014a, 225The space science community developed the Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) Reference Model to manage and process massively high volumes of digital data in multiple media and formats collected, for example, through remote sensing, and to ensure that it could, if necessary, be preserved for indeterminably long periods of time and across all necessary migrations. First published in 1997 by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), in 2003 it was adopted as an ISO standard, ISO 14721:2003.Arnold and Sampson 2014, 523What is best practice for a set of tweets collected through the Twitter API? To determine this, we reference the ISO standard 14271:2012, also known as the Open Archive [sic] Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. This is a broad framework that details the operations and terminology of an archives designed for long-term preservation of objects and is especially directed toward the preservation of digital objects. It should be emphasized that ISO 14271:2012 is neither an existing functional system nor an itemized checklist for such a system. Rather, it is a conceptual model for communities involved in long-term digital object preservation.Lavoie 2014, 1Originally developed as part of a broader effort to develop formal standards for the long-term storage of digital data generated from space missions, the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) has since formed the foundation of numerous architectures, standards, and protocols, influencing system design, metadata requirements, certification, and other issues central to digital preservation.Williams and Berilla 2015, 87These concepts are central to the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model, which offers a conceptual view of accessioning, preserving, and allowing access to digital materials. It, in effect, is a framework for the entire process, from digital acquisition to public access. Adopted internationally by many institutions, the OAIS is the most ubiquitous model for digital archiving.Pendergrass et al. 2019, 204, fn. 129The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model (see note 111) defines three information packages: the Submission Information Package (SIP), the Archival Information Package (AIP), and the Dissemination Information Package (DIP).
Notes
The OAIS model was developed under the auspices of NASA’s Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS).
